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Student visa work restrictions: What you need to know

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If you’re an international student in the U.S., you may want to earn extra income or gain work experience while you study. But your student visa has rules about when, where and how much you can work. It’s important to understand these limits so you don’t risk your visa status.

This article breaks down what kinds of work are allowed, which restrictions apply, and how to stay within the rules while building your future career.

What work is allowed on a student visa?

If you have an F-1 visa, there are specific ways you can work in the U.S. Most international student employment must meet school or government authorization. Some roles are allowed during your studies, while others are only available after graduation.

On-campus jobs: You can work part time on campus while classes are in session, and full time during breaks. This includes jobs at the library, dining hall, research labs, or administrative offices. These jobs are usually the easiest option in your first year under typical student visa guidelines.

Curricular practical training (CPT): CPT lets you work in a job related to your academic field, but it must be tied to your degree program. You need approval from your school before you start. Make sure to follow all CPT rules for F-1 visa holders, especially if your program requires practical training for graduation.

Optional practical training (OPT): OPT is a type of work authorization that lets you work during or after your degree. You need to apply to the U.S. government for approval. Most students use optional practical training after they graduate, and STEM students can apply for a longer extension.

Severe economic hardship or international organization work: In rare cases, you may be allowed to work off campus if you’re facing financial hardship or have an offer from a recognized international organization. These options require special approval from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

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Have questions about the visa process? MPOWER's immigration resources are for students like you.

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Common student visa work restrictions

Even with these work options, there are limits on what you can do while studying overseas. Here are the most common restrictions international students face:

  • You can’t work off campus in your first year unless your program requires it
  • You can only work up to 20 hours per week while school is in session
  • Any job you take must be approved through the proper channels
  • Unauthorized work can result in the loss of your visa and student status

You should always talk to your designated school official (DSO) before starting any kind of international student employment. They can help you understand your options and keep your paperwork up to date with F-1 visa requirements.

How to follow the rules and work legally

If you’re planning to work while studying in the U.S., follow these steps to protect your status:

Use on-campus work to gain early experience: This is the safest way to begin working. Ask your school’s career center or student services for available roles. You don’t need government approval for these jobs.

Get proper authorization for CPT or OPT: Do not start CPT or OPT until you’re officially approved. CPT needs school approval, and OPT requires an application through USCIS. Always wait until you receive the official documents.

Track your hours: Stick to the 20-hour-per-week rule during the semester. Working more than that could put your visa at risk. During school breaks, ask your DSO if you’re allowed to work full time.

Keep all documents organized: Save copies of your I-20 form, job offers, approval letters, and any related communication. This will help you stay prepared for future visa renewals or job applications.

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Build your future with support from MPOWER Financing

Understanding visa rules is only one step in your career journey. MPOWER Financing can help you take the next step with resources that support both your education and your goals after graduation.

Here’s how MPOWER helps international students:

  • Free visa support to help you understand CPT, OPT, and other work programs
  • Career readiness tools to help you find internships and job leads
  • Fixed rate student loans without a cosigner so you can fund your education with confidence
  • International scholarship opportunities open to international and DACA students

You don’t have to figure this out alone. MPOWER is here to help you succeed, every step of the way.

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FAQs

Can I work while studying in the U.S. on an F-1 visa?

Yes, but only under certain conditions. On-campus jobs are allowed during your first year, while CPT and OPT require approval and must relate to your field of study.

How many hours can I work on a student visa?

You can work up to 20 hours per week during school terms. During breaks, some students may work full time, depending on the type of job and school rules.

Do unpaid internships count as work?

Yes, even unpaid roles may require authorization. If the internship provides experience that benefits the employer, it likely needs CPT approval.

What happens if I work without authorization?

Working without approval is a serious violation. It can result in the loss of your F-1 visa and your right to stay in the U.S.

Can I work remotely for a company outside the U.S.?

If you are physically in the U.S., you are still subject to visa restrictions. Always check with your DSO before accepting any remote work.

How do I get approved for CPT or OPT?

Start by getting a job offer related to your degree. Then work with your DSO to submit the required forms and receive your updated I-20 or OPT approval from USCIS.


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