Understanding CPT and OPT: A Guide for Indian Students Studying in the USA

As an Indian student in the USA, understanding Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT) is vital to plan your career effectively. These work authorisation programs allow international students to gain valuable work experience related to their academic field.

What’s CPT?

Curricular Practical Training (CPT) is designed for internships or cooperative education programs that are mandatory for your degree. It requires a formal agreement between your university and the employer.

Key Highlights of CPT:

- Eligibility: You must study as an F-1 visa student for at least one year at a SEVP-certified university.
- Purpose: Internships or training must be required by your academic programme.
- Work type: Full time or part time. Note: 12 months of full-time CPT disqualifies you from OPT.
- Application: Secure your training opportunity and apply at least two weeks before starting.

What’s OPT?

Optional Practical Training (OPT) allows you to work in roles related to your major, even if not required by your programme. OPT can be used either before (pre-completion OPT) or after graduation (post-completion OPT).

Key highlights of OPT:

- Eligibility: Full-time enrolment for at least one year in a SEVP-certified programme.
- Duration: Up to 12 months, with an additional 24-month extension for eligible STEM graduates.
- Application: Requires Form I-20 from your school and Form I-765 submitted to USCIS. Apply three months in advance.
- Work hours: Up to 20 hours per week while studying; full-time postgraduation.

CPT vs OPT: Key differences

The table below lists the key differences between CPT vs OPT relating to programme requirements, timing, authorisation and fees.

Aspect	CPT	OPT
Programme requirement	Mandatory for graduation	Optional but related to the field of study
Timing	Before graduation	Before or after graduation
Authorization	Handled by your school	Requires USCIS approval
Fees	Included in tuition	USCIS fee of US$410 (₹34,000 INR approx.)

Key insights for Indian students:

- Plan ahead: Understand the requirements for CPT and OPT early in your programme to avoid last-minute hurdles.
- Taxes: Income from OPT is taxable in the USA. Fill out a W-4 tax form with your employer.
- STEM advantage: Indian students in STEM fields can extend OPT by 24 months, offering more time to build their careers in the USA.

Exploring other work opportunities:

Beyond CPT and OPT, F-1 visa holders can work on campus 30 days after their programme starts. These on-campus roles include jobs in libraries, cafeterias or bookstores, allowing up to 20 hours per week during the semester.

Final thoughts on working in the U.S.

CPT and OPT provide stepping stones for Indian students to gain professional experience in the USA. Whether it’s an internship or a full-time role, these programmes offer unique pathways to achieve your career goals.

For detailed guidance, consult your school’s international student office or explore our resources on scholarships and student loans for Indian students.

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FAQs

What’s the difference between CPT and OPT for international students?

CPT is for internships required by your academic programme, while OPT allows work related to your field of study before or after graduation.

Can I use both CPT and OPT during my studies in the USA?

Yes, but using 12 months of full-time CPT disqualifies you from OPT. Part-time CPT does not affect your OPT eligibility.

How long does it take to get OPT authorization?

It typically takes 90+ days to receive OPT authorization from USCIS, so apply at least three months before your intended start date.

What’s the STEM OPT extension, and who can apply for it?

The STEM OPT extension is an additional 24 months of work authorization for students in science, technology, engineering or math fields.

Can Indian students work on campus while studying in the USA?

Yes, F-1 visa holders can work up to 20 hours per week on campus starting 30 days after their programme begins.

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Understanding CPT and OPT: A short guide for Indian students